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Layout optimization of steel reinforcement in concrete structure using a truss-continuum model

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 669-685 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0963-0

摘要： Owing to advancement in advanced manufacturing technology, the reinforcement design of concrete structures has become an important topic in structural engineering. Based on bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO), a new approach is developed in this study to optimize the reinforcement layout in steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) structures. This approach combines a minimum compliance objective function with a hybrid truss-continuum model. Furthermore, a modified bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (M-BESO) method is proposed to control the level of tensile stress in concrete. To fully utilize the tensile strength of steel and the compressive strength of concrete, the optimization sensitivity of steel in a concrete–steel composite is integrated with the average normal stress of a neighboring concrete. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures, reinforcement layout optimizations of a simply supported beam, a corbel, and a wall with a window are conducted. Clear steel trajectories of SRC structures can be obtained using both methods. The area of critical tensile stress in concrete yielded by the M-BESO is more than 40% lower than that yielded by the uniform design and BESO. Hence, the M-BESO facilitates a fully digital workflow that can be extremely effective for improving the design of steel reinforcements in concrete structures.

关键词： bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization steel-reinforced concrete concrete stress reinforcement method hybrid model

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Experiment and calculation on seismic behavior of RC composite core walls with concealed steel truss

Wanlin CAO , Weihua CHANG , Changjun ZHAO , Jianwei ZHANG ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 255-261 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0043-0

摘要： To improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete core walls, reinforced concrete composite core walls with concealed steel truss were proposed and systemically investigated. Two 1/6 scale core wall specimens, including a normal reinforced concrete core wall and a reinforced concrete composite core wall with concealed steel truss, were designed. The experimental study on seismic performance under cyclic loading was carried out. The load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation of the core walls were discussed. The test results showed that the seismic performance of core walls is improved greatly by the concealed steel truss. The calculated results were found to agree well with the actual measured ones.

关键词： reinforced concrete steel truss core walls seismic performance

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Fatigue evaluation of steel-concrete composite deck in steel truss bridge——A case study

Huating CHEN; Xianwei ZHAN; Xiufu ZHU; Wenxue ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1336-1350 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0852-y

摘要： An innovative composite deck system has recently been proposed for improved structural performance. To study the fatigue behavior of a steel-concrete composite bridge deck, we took a newly-constructed rail-cum-road steel truss bridge as a case study. The transverse stress history of the bridge deck near the main truss under the action of a standard fatigue vehicle was calculated using finite element analysis. Due to the fact that fatigue provision remains unavailable in the governing code of highway concrete bridges in China, a preliminary fatigue evaluation was conducted according to the fib Model Code. The results indicate that flexural failure of the bridge deck in the transverse negative bending moment region is the controlling fatigue failure mode. The fatigue life associated with the fatigue fracture of steel reinforcement is 56 years. However, while the top surface of the bridge deck concrete near the truss cracks after just six years, the bridge deck performs with fatigue cracks during most of its design service life. Although fatigue capacity is acceptable under design situations, overloading or understrength may increase its risk of failure. The method presented in this work can be applied to similar bridges for preliminary fatigue assessment.

关键词： Fatigue assessment composite bridge deck rail-cum-road bridge fatigue stress analysis Model Code

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三峡升船机顶部机房钢屋架设计与施工

孙昌忠

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第9期页码 33-39

摘要：

根据三峡升船机顶部机房钢屋架的使用要求，研究分析了钢屋架的结构形式，通过建立三维有限元模型验证了钢屋架结构形式及其设计方案在施工阶段的结构安全性。同时，通过对钢屋架施工方案的研究，制定了适合三峡升船机顶部机房钢屋架施工作业环境的施工程序以及施工设备选型，对钢屋架施工过程中钢桁架分段、格构支撑架的设置、钢桁架吊装、中控室屋面网架安装、屋面板安装等环节提出了针对性的施工方法。三峡升船机顶部机房钢屋架所采用的结构设计方法与施工方案确保了钢屋架的顺利安装与安全运行，对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：升船机机房钢屋架设计施工三峡工程

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Design concept of the Twin River Bridges in Chongqing, China

Man-Chung TANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 427-431 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0134-6

摘要： The Dongshuimen Bridge over the Yangtze River and the Qiansimen Bridge over the Jialing River in Chongqing, China are located at the tip of the Yuzhong Peninsula. Together, they are called the Twin River Bridges. Both are double deck structures carrying four lanes of traffic on their upper decks and two transit tracks on their lower decks. The girders are steel truss structures with orthotropic plates and the towers are made of concrete. Aesthetics were carefully considered for the design of these bridges because of their visibility in the city and their neighboring landmarks.

关键词： long span bridges partially cable-supported girder bridge cable-stayed bridge extradosed steel truss bridge aesthetics Chongqing China

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Experimental study on seismic behavior of mid-rise RC shear wall with concealed truss

Wanlin CAO, Jianwei ZHANG, Jingna ZHANG, Min WANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 370-377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0062-x

摘要： In this paper, mid-rise shear wall with concealed truss was proposed. This new composite shear wall includes two kinds of composition: one is the composition of two bearing systems, including truss and shear wall, and the other is the composition of two materials, including steel and concrete. Therefore, it is a double composite shear wall. The experimental study on the seismic behavior of six 1/3 scale mid-rise shear walls, including an ordinary mid-rise shear wall, a mid-rise shear wall with steel frame, and four mid-rise shear wall with concealed truss made of different materials, was studied. Based on the experimental study, the stiffness and its attenuation, bearing capacity, ductility, hysteretic property, energy dissipation, and failure phenomena of each shear wall were contrastively analyzed. The formulas of bearing capacity and stiffness were established. The results obtained from the formulas and those from experiment are in good agreement. Some suggestions for seismic design of shear wall are given in this paper. The experimental results show that the seismic behavior of the mid-rise shear wall with steel frame and that of every truss with different materials is obviously improved.

关键词： reinforced concrete profile steel concealed truss mid-rise shear wall seismic behavior

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Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

Babak DIZANGIAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 123-134 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0478-2

摘要： This paper proposes a sensitivity-based border-search and jump reduction method for optimum design of spatial trusses. It is considered as a two-phase optimization approach, where at the first phase, the first local optimum is found by few analyses, after the whole searching space is limited employing an efficient random strategy, and the second phase involves finding a sequence of local optimum points using the variables sensitivity with respect to corresponding values of constraints violation. To reach the global solution at phase two, a sequence of two sensitivity-based operators of border-search operator and jump operator are introduced until convergence is occurred. Sensitivity analysis is performed using numerical finite difference method. To do structural analysis, a link between open source software of OpenSees and MATLAB was developed. Spatial truss problems were attempted for optimization in order to show the fastness and efficiency of proposed technique. Results were compared with those reported in the literature. It shows that the proposed method is competitive with the other optimization methods with a significant reduction in number of analyses carried.

关键词： optimum design sensitivity analysis reduction method spatial trusses OpenSees

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Nonlinear analysis and reliability of metallic truss structures

Karim BENYAHI, Youcef BOUAFIA, Salma BARBOURA, Mohand Said KACHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 577-593 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0458-y

摘要： The present study goes into the search for the safety domain of civil engineering structures. The objective is to show how a reliability-evaluation brought by a mechanical sizing can be obtained. For that purpose, it is necessary to have a mechanical model and a reliability model representing correctly the behavior of this type of structure. It is a question on one hand, to propose a formulation for the nonlinear calculation (mechanical nonlinearity) of the spatial structures in trusses, and on the other hand, to propose or to adapt a formulation and a modeling of the reliability. The principle of Hasofer-Lind can be applied, in first approach, for the reliability index estimation, scenarios and the probability of failure. The made check concerned metallic in truss structures. Finally, some structures are calculated using the method adapted by Hasofer-Lind to validate the probability approach of the reliability analysis.

关键词： modeling nonlinearity mechanical truss probability reliability response surface probability of failure

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跨长江黄河的高速铁路大跨度桥梁

高宗余

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第1期页码 17-21

摘要：

建设中的京沪高速铁路和京广客运专线铁路，跨长江、黄河的4座大跨度桥梁都采用了钢桁梁结构，且均为多线铁路桥或公铁两用大桥，承载能力大、列车运行速度高。诸多新材料、新结构、新工艺获得运用。

关键词：高速铁路大跨度桥梁钢桁梁结构新技术

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Truss-arch model for shear strength of seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets

Sheng PENG, Chengxiang XU, Xiaoqiang LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1324-1337 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0557-z

摘要： Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are important reinforcing substances which are widely used in the shear strengthening of seismic-damage steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame structures. To investigate the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, experimental observations on eight seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets were conducted at Yangtze University and existing experimental data of 49 SRC columns are presented. Based on the existing experiments, the theories of damage degree, zoning analysis of concrete, and strengthening material of the column are adopted. To present the expression formula of the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, the contributions of strengthening material and transverse reinforcement to shear strength in the truss model are considered, based on the truss-arch model. The contribution of arch action is also considered through the analysis of the whole concrete and that of the three zones of the concrete are also considered. The formula is verified, and the calculated results are found to match well with the experimental results. Results indicate that the proposed whole analysis model can improve the accuracy of shear strength predictions of shear seismic-damaged SRC frame columns reinforced with CFRP sheets.

关键词： carbon fiber reinforced polymer material steel reinforced concrete frame column seismic-damaged trussed-arch model shear strength

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Out-of-plane elastic buckling load and strength design of space truss arch with a rectangular section

Senping WANG; Xiaolong LIU; Bo YUAN; Minjie SHI; Yanhui WEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1141-1152 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0866-5

摘要： The out-of-plane stability of the two-hinged space truss circular arch with a rectangular section is theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper. Firstly, the flexural stiffness and torsional stiffness of space truss arches are deduced. The calculation formula of out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of the space truss arch is derived based on the classical solution of out-of-plane flexural-torsional buckling loads of the solid web arch. However, since the classical solution cannot be used for the calculation of the arch with a small rise-span ratio, the formula for out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of space truss arches subjected to end bending moments is modified. Numerical research of the out-of-plane stability of space truss arches under different load cases shows that the theoretical formula proposed in this paper has good accuracy. Secondly, the design formulas to predict the out-of-plane elastoplastic stability strength of space truss arches subjected to the end bending moment and radial uniform load are presented through introducing a normalized slenderness ratio. By assuming that all components of space truss circular arches bear only axial force, the design formulas to prevent the local buckling of chord and transverse tubes are deduced. Finally, the bearing capacity design equations of space truss arches are proposed under vertical uniform load.

关键词： torsional stiffness strength design elastic buckling space truss arches out-of-plane

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基于ANFIS系统的基结构自适应生成

李旲,胡云昌,曹宏铎

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第10期页码 24-27

摘要：

以形成基结构智能自动生成系统为目标，以并行自适应神经-模糊推理系统（ANFIS）为工具，建立了具有桁架拓扑结构智能自动生成功能的并行ANFIS系统，并将形态化拓扑结构进行抽象数字提取，作为系统的输入输出数据，实质是形成一种桁架结构形态间的映射机制，以样本所蕴涵的结构构成机理，推导所要求的基结构形式。最后的计算结果表明，这里使用的基于ANFIS系统的桁架结构智能自动生成方法是有效的，能够按照用户要求生成合理的桁架基结构拓扑形式。

关键词：桁架 ANFIS 智能自适应

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桁架结构智能布局优化系统

李旲,胡云昌,曹宏铎

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 75-79

摘要：

应用模糊、混沌、神经网络等理论，以结构质量为优化目标函数，在构造一个新型的布局优化模型的基础上，对桁架结构布局优化这一结构优化领域的难点问题进行了研究。构造了一个完整的桁架结构智能布局优化系统，该系统由5 个模块组成，具有智能、自适应的特点，在确定了结构选型情况下，可以自动完成从基结构的智能自动建立到结构布局寻优的全过程。经实例验证，系统性能稳定，可以得到满足要求的结构布局优化解。

关键词：布局优化智能优化系统自适应

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三峡升船机贝雷架安装与拆除技术

刘勇,陈建峡

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第9期页码 77-82

摘要：

三峡升船机塔柱横梁贝雷架支撑体系的安装与拆除属于高空立体交叉作业，而且施工场地狭窄、施工强度大，贝雷架的安装与拆除所受到的施工干扰大，是三峡升船机塔柱施工中的难题之一。本文通过对贝雷架施工作业环境的系统分析，根据不同部位的特点与要求，制定了有针对性的包括施工设备布置、吊装单元划分、吊点设置、各部位拆除方案在内的塔柱横梁贝雷架安装及拆除施工技术体系。该技术体系在三峡升船机贝雷架安装及拆除工程中得到顺利实施，塔柱横梁贝雷架支撑系统的施工进度、施工成本及施工安全均实现了良好的效果，表明该技术方案合理可靠。本文中贝雷架的安装与拆除施工技术体系可为类似条件下的贝雷架安装和拆除施工提供参考借鉴。

关键词：升船机贝雷架安装拆除三峡工程

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三峡升船机横梁贝雷架支撑系统荷载试验

汪文亮,肖传勇,张俊霞

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第9期页码 50-54

摘要：

在三峡升船机续建工程中，针对塔柱横梁施工支撑体系复杂的特点，在横梁混凝土浇筑前进行荷载试验。试验选取轴1、轴2横梁及其相应的基础梁贝雷架作为模型，按照1∶1进行荷载原型试验，通过布置监测点以及采用合理的检测频率，完成试验数据的采集与分析。本次试验取得以下成果：得出了各类型杆件在加载过程中的最大应力值；随着加载量的增加，横梁、基础梁贝雷架的挠度变化量慢慢增大，模板及排架立杆高程在下降；随着加载量的增加，横梁、基础梁贝雷架都发生了较小的侧向位移，轴2横梁模板左右方向变化量和排架立杆垂直度左右方向变化量均很小；试验监测数据表明，经加强后的贝雷架杆件加载后的各项参数满足安全要求，技术方案可应用于塔柱横梁施工，保证升船机塔柱横梁施工安全。

关键词：横梁贝雷架试验三峡升船机